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Alun-alun (note: correct orthography hyphenated but occurs occasionally without, also found as ''aloen-aloen'', ''aloon aloon'', and erroneously ''alon-alon'') is a Javanese architectural term for the large central open lawn squares common to villages, towns and cities in Indonesia. Commonly, ''alun-alun'' in modern-day Indonesia refers only to the two large open squares of kraton palace compounds. Each kraton has two ''alun-alun'': the most important and northern ''alun-alun lor'' and the less important and commonly smaller southern ''alun-alun kidul''. The court of Pakubuwana in Surakarta is unique as it incorporates the ''alun-alun kidul'' within the defensive wall of the kraton proper.〔Studies in Indonesian archaeology, By Willem F Stutterheim, Netherlands Institute for International Cultural Relations and M. Nijhoff 1956, 158 pp, p. 102〕 ==Function== The northern ''alun-alun lor'' functioned as the primary and most official entrance to the kraton. Javanese officials and commoners alike had to dismount carriages and horses before entering the ''alun-alun lor'' to continue to the kraton. At the two centrally located holy ''beringin'' or banyan trees, officials had their ''payung'' (ceremonial parasols indicating office), placed down by their parasol valet. Ordinary commoner Javanese seeking an audience with the Regent would be required to sit and wait under the trees waiting for an official to leave the Kraton and ask their reason for an audience. Dutch officials such as the Resident were commonly received with great ceremony to the ''alun-alun lor'' with the kraton soldiers firing three volleys, which would be answered by a twenty-one gun salute from the Dutch fortress, especially between the Yogyakarta kraton and the Dutch Fort Vredeburg〔Cephas, Yogyakarta: Photography in the Service of the Sultan, G. J. Knaap, Yudhi Soerjoatmodjo, KITLV Press: 1999, 136 pp, ISBN 90-6718-142-0: p. 3〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alun-alun」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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